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Africa has 60 percent of the world’s uncultivated arable land, with the agriculture sector accounting for 35 per cent of the continent’s GDP, while employing more Africans than any other sector. So why does the continent spend a staggering US$78 billion of scarce foreign currency on food imports each year, with some countries such as Zimbabwe, Guinea and Sudan exceeding 100 percent of their annual foreign currency receipts?
As countries across sub-Saharan Africa grapple with the challenges of sustaining high levels of economic growth, plunging commodity prices, and the effects of climate change, revitalising agriculture must become a priority on the continent.
Plant Scientist and Organic Farmer, Edith Chekwube Ezema, contributes to the debate by asking beginner-farmers to explore these seven little practiced opportunities that have the potential to shape the future of African agriculture in 2024:
“1. Vertical farming: It’s a farming technique that can produce up to 10 times more crops per square foot than traditional farming, especially in urban areas. With more people living in cities, the demand for locally grown produce is increasing rapidly. If you’re looking for an innovative and sustainable agricultural business idea, vertical farming could be the perfect solution.
“2. Aquaponics: Aquaponics is a unique farming method that combines fish farming with soilless plant farming. In this system, plants use the nutrients from fish waste to grow, while the plants filter the water for the fish. This creates a self-sustaining ecosystem.
“3. Hydroponics: Hydroponics is a method of farming that uses nutrient water solution, it relies on technology and expert management to produce high yields in a small space. This method can be incredibly profitable, as it allows for year-round crop production while using less water and pesticides than traditional farming methods.
“4. Agroforestry: This is a farming practice that involves combining trees and shrubs with crops and livestock in a mutually beneficial way. This approach is known to increase biodiversity, improve soil health, and enhance water retention. With all these benefits, agroforestry is a sustainable and profitable agricultural business idea worth considering.
“5. Organic farming: Is an agricultural business idea that’s becoming more lucrative due to the increasing demand for locally produced, organic food. This farming method relies on natural fertilizers and pest control methods, which can improve soil health, reduce water usage, and produce high-quality, nutrient-rich crops.
“6. Greenhouse farming: This is a technique that provides control over the growing environment, ensuring optimal conditions for crops with the right technology and management. This farming method can be highly profitable, as it allows for year-round crop production and provides protection from pests and extreme weather conditions.
“7. Mushroom farming: Mushroom farming is a profitable agricultural business idea that can be grown on a small scale using low-cost materials and techniques. It provides a source of income and nutrients for farmers and consumers alike. Mushrooms grow on organic waste materials, such as straws, sawdust, or coffee grounds, which are readily available and inexpensive.